#Tranche 2: Strategic Objective 6# ###Working with communities to understand important social and ecological linkages for managing, protecting and restoring land and water ecosystems.### Our teams are aiming to quantify social-ecological linkages for use in managing, protecting and restoring land and water ecosystems. Many thousands of New Zealanders put in time and effort to reverse the decline in our biological heritage, but they often face challenges in connecting with one another and scaling up their effort. They also might have to overcome economic, legislative, and organisational barriers to create more sustainable and culturally appropriate environmental stewardship. This investment team aimed to build social and ecological resilience by restoring connections between people and nature, while understanding and valuing those connections in a non-market way. We sought to work with communities to develop tools and approaches that reflect their unique needs and contexts, and ultimately support their efforts to scale-up for impact. ###Research Area Summary### - Research that will help clarify pathways and remove barriers for enhanced restoration success, working closely with Eco-index and Adaptive Governance & Policy teams. - Supporting co-development of exemplar restoration projects that showcase successful regeneration of mātauranga and bioheritage. - Identify and develop the tools and approaches needed, such as adaptive management networks, to connect and enhance the success of local regeneration efforts in Aotearoa. **Co-Leads** - Joanne Clapcott (Cawthron Institute) - Danielle Shanahan ( Zealandia Ecosanctuary)
###Unlocking collective wisdom### **March 2024** Across Aotearoa New Zealand, collectives of community groups, iwi, hapū, councils, and others are joining forces to protect and restore nature. These organisations are achieving great results at local scales, but what more could they achieve by connecting to share their knowledge and experience?
BRIEF: Growing community capacity and capability
###Growing community capacity and capability for large-scale restoration in Te Tai Tokerau### **March 2024** Community-led restoration initiatives face significant challenges in acquiring funding, advice, training and administrative support. These initiatives are increasingly being supported by Restoration Collectives operating over larger scales. But what types of support do they need and want?
BRIEF: Pathways to Ecosystem Regeneration
###Pathways to Ecosystem Regeneration### **March 2024** New Zealander’s care greatly about nature, and each year communities and likeminded individuals show the power of collective efforts: - In some suburbs, as many as 50% of residents are involved in ecosystem regeneration. - As an example of scale, on average volunteers each contribute around $4,600 to the efforts of Predator Free Wellington. - Iwi and hapū across the motu are leading many ecosystem regeneration and system change efforts in a way that is grounded by rights and responsibilities.
###Ōpāwaho Heathcote River Network Research### **March 2024** Across Aotearoa New Zealand, collectives of community groups, iwi, councils, businesses, and others are joining forces to enhance ecosystem regeneration.
PAPER: Revegetation Framework for Aotearoa
###Towards a framework for targeting national-scale, native revegetation in Aotearoa New Zealand’s agroecosystems### **November 2022** **Case B, Forbes A, Stanley M, Hinchcliffe G, Norton D, Suryaningrum F, Jarvis R, Hall D, Buckley H 2022. [Towards a framework for targeting national-scale, native revegetation in Aotearoa New Zealand’s agroecosystems.](https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/3504.pdf) New Zealand Journal of Ecology.** **ABSTRACT** The incorporation of native, woody vegetation into New Zealand’s agricultural ecosystems offers a “nature-based solution” approach for mitigating poor environmental outcomes of land use practices, biodiversity loss, and the accelerating effects of climatic change. However, to achieve this at scale requires a systematic framework for scoping, assessing, and targeting native revegetation opportunities in a way that addresses national-scale priorities, supports landscape-scale ecological processes, and recognises that land use decisions are made at farm-scales by landowners. In this forum discussion, we outline the requirements for a spatial decision support system for native revegetation; we provide illustrations of national-, landscape-, and farm-scale components of this framework and outline a range of organisational, societal, and scientific challenges that must be addressed to enable effective and targeted revegetation across the country. Our primary motivation is to provide a focus for discussions among scientists, policy makers, hapū, iwi, landowners, communities, and other interested parties who are invested in restoring biodiverse and resilient agroecosystems. **KEYWORDS:** agroecosystems, biodiversity, decision support system, GIS, Landscape ecology, multi-criteria, native woody vegetation, prioritisation, restoration, revegetation, spatial analysis
PAPER: Understanding perspectives on trout
###Understanding divergent perspectives on introduced trout in Aotearoa: a relational values approach### **January 2022** **Tadaki M, Holmes R, Kitson J, McFarlane K. 2022. [Understanding divergent perspectives on introduced trout in Aotearoa: a relational values approach.](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/1177083X.2021.2023198?needAccess=true) Kotuitui-New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online 17(4): 461-478.** **ABSTRACT** To make coherent and just choices about introduced species management in postcolonial contexts such as Aotearoa, a nuanced understanding of human relationships to introduced species is needed. Inspired by relational values thinking, we interviewed 13 knowledge holders to explore diverse meanings and experiences with introduced trout and their management. Trout have impacted ecosystems and communities in profoundly different ways, ranging from ecological enhancement and cultural empowerment for some communities to devastation and loss for others. Some people consider trout potentially compatible with a ‘healthy’ ecosystem, while others consider them incompatible. Despite the existence of deep and legitimate reasons for differences in perspectives on trout, we found convergence among interviewees on three principles that could provide a foundation for future trout management: shared decision-making within a Treaty framework, management of the negative impacts of trout, and coordination across government agencies to set and achieve holistic fish management objectives. **KEYWORDS:** environmental values; freshwater management; freshwater fish; introduced species; environmental conflict
PAPER: Backyard Conservation: Motivations/Barriers
###Public willingness to engage in backyard conservation in New Zealand: Exploring motivations and barriers for participation### **July 2021** **Woolley CK, Hartley S, Nelson NJ, Shanahan DF 2021. [Public willingness to engage in backyard conservation in New Zealand: Exploring motivations and barriers for participation](https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pan3.10243). People and Nature 3(4): 929-940.** **ABSTRACT** 1. Citizen science and participatory conservation offer benefits to urban wildlife and help foster human–nature relationships in cities. To optimize conservation and social outcomes it is important that initiatives appeal to participants of a wide range of sociodemographic backgrounds. However, this can be challenging when motivation and willingness to undertake activities are influenced by socioecological context. In New Zealand, where control of invasive mammalian predators is a predominant strategy for conservation, trapping of rodents and mustelids has become a popular form of backyard conservation. 2. To understand how the appeal of pest trapping compares with that of other conservation activities, we investigated relationships between sociodemographic characteristics of participants and willingness to undertake three different backyard conservation activities (trapping of pest mammals, monitoring of pest mammals and monitoring of native animals). We also examined barriers and motivations for participating in these activities. 3. Willingness to engage in pest trapping was generally higher than that of the other activities, and although willingness scores for all activities were related to respondents’ connection to nature, this relationship was weaker for pest trapping than for monitoring activities. Willingness was also positively related to nature dose for all three activities. Concern for the environment was the only significant motivator of participation for all three activities while social interaction, contributing to community and enhancing one's ego were positively related to willingness for the monitoring activities only. 4. The more general appeal of pest trapping may reflect its more tangible outcomes for conservation or the additional benefits it offers participants through removal of domestic pests. 5. Understanding why some activities appeal across a wide sociodemographic spectrum may allow improved project design that maximizes participant recruitment. By encouraging participation of a wide range of people, such activities could provide an opportunity for people to become more connected with nature. **KEYWORDS** behaviour change; biodiversity; nature relatedness; predator control; pro-conservation behaviours
PAPER: Model to support customary management
###A demographic model to support customary management of a culturally important waterfowl species### **September 2022** **Herse MR, Lyver PO, Gormley AM, Scott NJ, McIntosh AR, Fletcher D, Tylianakis J 2022. [A demographic model to support customary management of a culturally important waterfowl species.](https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol27/iss3/art14/ES-2022-13410.pdf) Ecology and Society 27(3). ** **ABSTRACT** Scientific support invited by Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) to assist with customary environmental management can improve conservation and community livelihoods. For example, demographic models can help to understand how alternative wildlife management strategies affect population dynamics and harvest sustainability. We developed a demographic model to assist Ngāi Tahu, the southern-most Māori tribe in Aotearoa/New Zealand, in customary management of a culturally important population of Black Swans (kakī anau, *Cygnus atratus*). We used recent demographic data, including results of an experimental egg harvest study, to inform tangata tiaki (Ngāi Tahu environmental guardians) about how customary egg harvest and background pressure from sport hunting of swans aged ≥ 1 year differentially affect population growth. We also assessed how sport hunting of swans affects the sustainability of customary egg harvest. Estimated population growth (1.018 or presently growing 1.8% annually; 95% CI: 0.808–1.241) was most sensitive to changes in adult and subadult survival, followed by juvenile (first-year) survival, breeding propensity, and nest hatching success. Uncertainty in population growth was almost entirely attributable to uncertainty in swan survival rates after hatching. Sustainable population-level rates of egg harvest varied from none to more than half of all eggs, depending on small changes in adult and subadult survival. Population sensitivity to adult and subadult survival suggests that limiting and monitoring their mortality are crucial to population and egg harvest sustainability, whereas contemporary government-mandated species management, through Fish and Game New Zealand, allows adult and subadult mortality from sport hunting, with little record of offtake. Recognizing the rights and interests of Ngāi Tahu, and monitoring swan mortality more closely, could improve Ngāi Tahu abilities to practice customary harvest, enhance population and environmental monitoring, and, when appropriate, control swan numbers in a culturally appropriate and less wasteful way. The model we present could aid decision making and communication between Ngāi Tahu and New Zealand’s Crown government within a potential future co-management arrangement. Demographic models can be useful tools for supporting customary environmental management, but developing, maintaining, and implementing these tools requires support for adaptive policies and management arrangements that recognize IPLC rights to the environment and decision making. **KEYWORDS** adaptive management; biocultural conservation; equity; gamebird management; indigenous peoples; kaitiakitanga; mahinga kai; tikanga; waterfowl; wetlands
PAPER: Working together to scale ecosystem restoration
###Working together to scale ecosystem restoration: collective approaches to community action in Aotearoa New Zealand### **June 2024** **McFarlane K, Wallace K, Shanahan D, Clapcott J 2024. [Working together to scale ecosystem restoration: collective approaches to community action in Aotearoa New Zealand](https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol29/iss2/art17/ES-2024-15152.pdf). Ecology and Society 29(2).** **ABSTRACT** Community groups are key drivers of ecosystem restoration in many countries. However, there is increasingly recognition that small scale restoration efforts are often insufficient to reverse ongoing biodiversity declines, and questions have been raised regarding the sustainability and efficiency of community-based initiatives. In Aotearoa New Zealand, collectives that bring together multiple community groups and other actors have arisen as a mechanism to scale restoration activities and support community restoration efforts. This article examines the nature, role, and contribution of ecosystem restoration collectives in Aotearoa, based on a survey of 27 collectives in 2021. Collectives generally engage in governance activities like funding, administration, and advocacy, adding to the typically “hands on” work of community groups. Similarly, they improve ways of working by increasing connections and communication between groups, agencies, and the wider public. This study indicates that collectives contribute to scaling restoration by improving the efficiency and sustainability of community initiatives, increasing the spatial scale and social-ecological scope of restoration, and increasing the range of actors involved in restoration. **KEYWORDS** collaboration; collective action; community-led conservation; networks; restoration; scaling
###Hōhonu - deepening Te Ao Māori within Aotearoa New Zealand’s environmental restoration work### **2024** **Dell K, Clapcott J and Tapu J. 2024. Hōhonu: Deepening Te Ao Māori within Aotearoa New Zealand’s environmental restoration work. BioHeritage Report. 52 p.** **ABSTRACT** I hangaia a Hōhonu hei tautoko i te hunga tiaki taiao. Hōhonu is a new tool to help those working in environmental stewardship, and specifically environmental restoration, to consider the skills, knowledge and awareness needed to embrace Te Ao Māori. The two main objectives of Hōhonu are to: 1. Create positive impacts for the environment 2. Strengthen partnerships between Māori and Pākehā. **Please note this report prints as an A5 booklet.** For further information about Hōhonu, please contact **Kiri Dell** - [kiri@paradigmmaori.com](MAILTO:kiri@paradigmmaori.com)
REPORT: Collective action to eradicate rats
###Collective action to eradicate rats and mustelids from a large, peopled landscape: A social-ecological approach### **July 2022** **Whitburn J, Shanahan DF 2022. [Collective action to eradicate rats and mustelids from a large, peopled landscape: A social-ecological approach](https://www.pfw.org.nz/resources/research/social-ecological-research-2022/), Predator Free Wellington. p. 122.** **ABSTRACT** This report outlines the social-ecological approach that Predator Free Wellington(https://www.pfw.org.nz/) has taken for the eradication. Predator Free Wellington’s strategy had two interconnected arms – the technical plan and the community engagement plan.”
REPORT: Collective approaches to regeneration
###Collective approaches to ecosystem regeneration in Aotearoa New Zealand### **November 2021** **McFarlane K, Wallace K, Shanahan D. 2021. [Collective approaches to ecosystem regeneration in Aotearoa New Zealand.](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kiely-Mcfarlane/publication/358942969_Collective_approaches_to_ecosystem_regeneration_in_Aotearoa_New_Zealand/links/621e9c107106690c08531ebb/Collective-approaches-to-ecosystem-regeneration-in-Aotearoa-New-Zealand.pdf?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19) Prepared for New Zealand’s Biological Heritage National Science Challenge. Cawthron Report No. 3725. 84 p. ** **Abstract** There is a growing interest in scaling community-led ecosystem regeneration initiatives to extend, replicate, or coordinate activities across space, and expand or deepen the scope of regeneration activities. This study characterises the diversity of collective approaches to ecosystem regeneration in Aotearoa New Zealand by drawing on 1) a review of the international literature on scaling restoration and collective action, and 2) a survey of 27 ecosystem regeneration collectives. The insights developed through this research contribute to theory on scaling ecosystem regeneration and may inform the work of organisations involved in collective regeneration.
###A voice for the river: Collective restoration by the Ōpāwaho Heathcote River Network### **April 2024** **Goodwin M, Challies E, McFarlane K. 2024. A voice for the river. Collective restoration by the Ōpāwaho Healthcote River Network. BioHeritage Report. 70 p. ** **Abstract** The Ōpāwaho Heathcote River Network in Ōtautahi Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand is an urban restoration collective working to foster and regenerate the health of the Ōpāwaho Heathcote River and catchment while enhancing community connections with and understanding of the river. As a highly active network among an increasing number of ‘restoration collectives’ working to enhance ecosystem regeneration across the country, the ŌHRN illustrates how collective environmental action can work, how such groups can be effective, what challenges they face, and the power and value they bring for their catchments and communities. This report presents findings and insights based on the combined wisdom and knowledge of our research participants, shared through interviews, focus groups and workshops. We use the name Ōpāwaho Heathcote River Network (abbreviated to ŌHRN) to refer to all the members of the collective – the river groups, the Committee, and individual or group members. These groups are described in the first section of the report.
###Te Mahi Tiaki Taiao - Supporting taiao groups to care for their people and environment### **April 2024** **Barnes, M., E. Challies and K. McFarlane (2024). Te Mahi Tiaki Taiao. Supporting taiao groups to care for their people and environment. BioHeritage Report. 92 p.** **ABSTRACT** In 2014 the New Zealand Government established 11 ‘National Science Challenges’ to address major science-based issues and opportunities facing New Zealand. This study is part of New Zealand’s Biological Heritage National Science Challenge/Ngā Koiora Tuku Iho, which aims to protect and manage New Zealand’s biodiversity, improve biosecurity and enhance resilience to harmful organisms. This study is one of three exemplar studies of restoration collectives within BioHeritage Strategic Outcome 6 ‘Pathways to Ecosystem Regeneration’. SO6 focusses on supporting co-development of exemplar restoration projects that showcase successful regeneration of mātauranga and bioheritage.
###Te Taiao Collectives - Communities joining forces for ecosystem restoration### **June 2024** **Cretney, R. and K. McFarlane (2024). Te Taiao Collectives - Communities joining forces for ecosystem restoration. BioHeritage Report. 72 p.** **ABSTRACT** Community-based restoration and regeneration are increasingly common pathways for collective action on interconnected social and environmental issues. As community initiatives gain pace, the need for collaborative efforts that operate at landscape scales has grown. Restoration collectives have emerged as important organisations that aim to connect and support diverse community entities to work together toward shared restoration goals.
REPORT: Te Taiao Collectives Wananga Summary
###Te Taiao Collectives Network - Wānanga Summary Reports.### **December 2023** **Te Taiao Collectives Network (2023). Wānanga Summary Reports. Biological Heritage National Science Challenge SO6. Aotearoa New Zealand** **ABSTRACT** Te Taiao Collectives Network was established as a pilot project to understand the potential for a shared learning network to support collectives to achieve their social-ecological objectives and overcome barriers to collective action. This project was co-designed with and for leaders of restoration collectives and is funded by Ngā Koiora Tuku Iho | New Zealand's Biological Heritage National Science Challenge, as part of a research programme exploring pathways to ecosystem regeneration. Te Taiao Collectives Network pilot ran from August 2022 until June 2024 and involved five online wānanga. This report captures the key learnings and insights from each of the five wānanga. Information in each summary has been collated by researchers Kiely McFarlane and Raven Cretney based on the collective wisdom and knowledge of Te Taiao Collectives Network. Network members have had an opportunity to review and provide feedback on each summary, but any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the researchers. The content of each summary reflects the themes discussed in the wānanga and is designed to share insights with organisations and collectives beyond the network that work in ecosystem restoration. **Contact details:** - Kiely McFarlane - [kiely.mcfarlane@cawthron.org.nz](MAILTO:kiely.mcfarlane@cawthron.org.nz) - Raven Cretney - [raven@cretneyconsulting.co.nz](mailto:raven@cretneyconsulting.co.nz)
SUMMARY: Collective approaches to regeneration
###Collective approaches to regeneration### **January 2022** A two-page summary of the report of the same name found [HERE](http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31399.21927). **ABSTRACT** More and more people are wanting to increase the impact of their environmental restoration efforts. This could be by joining up with other groups, increasing the size of their efforts, or deepening the scope of their project. But which strategies work best? We reviewed international examples and surveyed restoration groups based in Aotearoa, to get a better idea of how groups can ‘scale-up’ their efforts in the most appropriate way.
###Restoring nature together / Te mahi ngātahi ki te whakaora ake i te ao tūroa. Successes, challenges and finding better ways### **January 2023** **ABSTRACT** New Zealanders care greatly about Aotearoa’s biological heritage – our nature, our culture – and thousands of people invest time and effort to reverse its decline. Many have discovered that incredible outcomes are possible when groups, whether that be hapū, whānau, community groups or businesses, come together to achieve common restoration goals. But it’s not always easy. When people with different worldviews and experiences join together as collectives, they can improve outcomes across wider landscapes. Collectives have more influence with decision makers, and they can build momentum and capacity for enduring, transformative change. Our aim is to provide solutions that support collectives like yours to be effective, sustainable and culturally appropriate. To enable that, we want to hear about communities’ unique needs and successes so we can direct our research accordingly.
BROCHURE: Farming with Native Biodiversity
###Farming with Native Biodiversity - Rauropi Māori me ahuwhenua### **2022** **ABSTRACT** We believe farming can help Aotearoa New Zealand’s natural environment thrive. And this is essential to us all thriving. Our goal is to develop training and resources that will equip farm advisors and farmers with the skills and confidence needed to implement their own solutions. We aim to provide practical and clear information on how to improve the biodiversity on their farms and make it viable for their unique pastoral farm system. Success for us means that people looking for ecological advice can find the right resources they need for their situations. They will be confident in how to take meaningful actions to improve biodiversity. For more information please go to this website: **https://www.biodiversity.nz/**
WEBPAGE: Pathways to Ecosystem Regeneration (SO6)
###Pathways to Ecosystem Regeneration### Our teams are aiming to quantify social-ecological linkages for use in managing, protecting and restoring land and water ecosystems. Many thousands of New Zealanders put in time and effort to reverse the decline in our biological heritage, but they often face challenges in connecting with one another and scaling up their effort. They also might have to overcome economic, legislative, and organisational barriers to create more sustainable and culturally appropriate environmental stewardship. This investment team aims to build social and ecological resilience by restoring connections between people and nature, while understanding and valuing those connections in a non-market way. We seek to work with communities to develop tools and approaches that reflect their unique needs and contexts, and ultimately support their efforts to scale-up for impact. **LINK TO WEBSITE: https://bioheritage.nz/research/pathways-to-ecosystem-regeneration/** **NOTE:** this website will cease in 2027
###How to Start Monitoring Biodiversity with Joanne Clapcott### **February 2023** **ABSTRACT** Joanne Clapcott is a freshwater scientist and team leader of the freshwater ecosystems team at Cawthron Institute in Nelson. Her work involves evaluating the biodiversity and health of bodies of freshwater like rivers, streams, and lakes to learn what’s living there and what it’s doing, so she has lots of experience monitoring biodiversity.
###Making Room for Native Animals on Farm with Danielle Shanahan### **February 2023** **ABSTRACT** Animal expert Danielle Shanahan talks about how to help our native species thrive on farm. Danielle is the CEO of Zealandia Te Māra a Tāne, an eco-sanctuary in Wellington and has lots of experience with how to make room for native animals in a farming landscape.
WEBINAR: Coming together to amplify ecosystem regeneration
###Coming together to amplify ecosystem regeneration### **February 2022** Kiely McFarlane - Social scientist, Cawthron Insitute **ABSTRACT** More and more people are joining together as collectives to increase the scope and impact of their regeneration projects. When iwi, hapū, local environmental groups, government entities, and NGOs work together they can enhance their social and ecological impact. The BioHeritage Pathways to Ecosystem Regeneration team wanted to figure out what kinds of collaboration work best for different situations, so they reviewed both international case studies and surveyed 27 ecosystem regeneration collectives within Aotearoa. In this webinar the research team will discuss their findings, including a typology of collectives and analysis of collectives’ contribution to community-led regeneration. They will then show how these results are shaping the next steps in their research. **To watch the webinar [CLICK HERE](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGW7YBZTMZE)**
WEBINAR Q&A: Coming together to amplify ecosystem regeneration
###Coming together to amplify ecosystem regeneration### **February 2022** Questions and answers for the "[Coming together to amplify ecosystem regeneration](https://data.bioheritage.nz/dataset/so6-pathways-to-ecosystem-regeneration/resource/1038471a-239d-446d-94c8-4c31ec44a2d9)" webinar.
###Hōhonu - deepening Te Ao Māori within Aotearoa New Zealand's environmental restoration work.### **June 2024** **ABSTRACT** Hōhonu is a new tool to help those working in environmental stewardship, and specifically environmental restoration, to consider the skills, knowledge and awareness needed to embrace Te Ao Māori. The two main objectives of Hōhonu are to: 1. Create positive impacts for the environment 2. Strengthen partnerships between Māori and Pākehā. In this webinar we describe the research that went into developing Hōhonu, including a kaupapa Māori discourse analysis of websites, interviews with restoration practitioners, and online opinion pieces. We then introduce the five dimensions that compose Hōhonu: Mātauranga, Tikanga, Te reo, Tangata, Moemoeā. When these five elements are being practised, kia hōhonu ai te mōhiotanga, a deepening towards Te Ao Māori occurs. **Presenter:** Kiri Dell **Chair:** Joanne Clapcott **To read the full report [CLICK HERE](https://data.bioheritage.nz/dataset/fd45b50a-0b44-474a-8c33-6d31e3b36c6b/resource/a2bf7291-ae13-4887-b4a0-247a7060bc61/download/hohonu-report-screen.pdf )**
WEBINAR: Sharing knowledge to empower collective approaches to restoration
###Sharing knowledge to empower collective approaches to restoration### **June 2024** **ABSTRACT** Community organisations have come to play a key role in biodiversity conservation and restoration over the last 30 years, with thousands of volunteer and kaitiaki groups undertaking predator control, tree planting, habitat restoration, environmental monitoring and education. As the community sector has grown and evolved, innovations have emerged in not only the types of restoration undertaken, but how communities self-organise and work together. This study focused on one growing trend: the formation of collectives of volunteer groups, iwi, hapū, councils and others to restore nature at regional or landscape scales. We brought together representatives of 16 collectives from around Aotearoa to connect and share their experiences of collective approaches to restoration. In this webinar we summarise insights emerging from this shared learning network and share six key ways that collectives help to amplify community-led restoration in Aotearoa, as well as the potential benefits and challenges of working collectively. We will also highlight the role connectivity and shared learning can play in empowering community leaders, encouraging reflexivity in restoration and building a community of collective practice. **To read the report CLICK HERE: [Te Taiao Collectives - Communities joining forces for ecosystem restoration](https://data.bioheritage.nz/dataset/so6-pathways-to-ecosystem-regeneration/resource/be541faf-0369-437a-8b53-858dd668b6d8)** Short video that explores why volunteer organisations come together to form collectives, and the impact that has on their mahi: [CLICK HERE](https://youtu.be/msqxr-mP9BE?si=K1rb2URQxTqO5rJx)
###Te Taiao Collectives### **January 2024** When you're investing in a restoration programme, you're investing not only in te taiao and benefits for nature, but you're also investing in people and the connections they make. This video explores why volunteer organisations come together to form collectives, and the impact that has on their mahi. It is based on research conducted by the Pathways to Ecosystem Regeneration team, which is a BioHeritage National Science Challenge programme.
PAPER: Threats to Indigenous and Local Knowledge Systems
###Scientists' Warning to Humanity on Threats to Indigenous and Local Knowledge Systems### **May 2021** **Fernández-Llamazares Á, Lepofsky D, Lertzman K, Armstrong CG, Brondizio ES, Gavin MC, Lyver POB, Nicholas GP, Pascua Pa, Reo NJ, Reyes-García V, Turner NJ, Yletyinen J, Anderson EN, Balée W, Cariño J, David-Chavez DM, Dunn CP, Garnett SC, Greening S (La'goot), Jackson S (Niniwum Selapem), Kuhnlein H, Molnár Z, Odonne G, Retter G-B, Ripple WJ, Sáfián L, Bahraman AS, Torrents-Ticó M, and Vaughan MB. 2021. [Scientists' Warning to Humanity on Threats to Indigenous and Local Knowledge Systems](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/reader/10.2993/0278-0771-41.2.144). Journal of Ethnobiology 41(2): 144-169, 26.** **ABSTRACT** The knowledge systems and practices of Indigenous Peoples and local communities play critical roles in safeguarding the biological and cultural diversity of our planet. Globalization, government policies, capitalism, colonialism, and other rapid social-ecological changes threaten the relationships between Indigenous Peoples and local communities and their environments, thereby challenging the continuity and dynamism of Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK). In this article, we contribute to the “World Scientists' Warning to Humanity,” issued by the Alliance of World Scientists, by exploring opportunities for sustaining ILK systems on behalf of the future stewardship of our planet. Our warning raises the alarm about the pervasive and ubiquitous erosion of knowledge and practice and the social and ecological consequences of this erosion. While ILK systems can be adaptable and resilient, the foundations of these knowledge systems are compromised by ongoing suppression, misrepresentation, appropriation, assimilation, disconnection, and destruction of biocultural heritage. Three case studies illustrate these processes and how protecting ILK is central to biocultural conservation. We conclude with 15 recommendations that call for the recognition and support of Indigenous Peoples and local communities and their knowledge systems. Enacting these recommendations will entail a transformative and sustained shift in how ILK systems, their knowledge holders, and their multiple expressions in lands and waters are recognized, affirmed, and valued. We appeal for urgent action to support the efforts of Indigenous Peoples and local communities around the world to maintain their knowledge systems, languages, stewardship rights, ties to lands and waters, and the biocultural integrity of their territories—on which we all depend. **KEYWORDS** biocultural conservation; cultural diversity; decolonization; Indigenous sovereignty; revitalization; social-ecological systems
PAPER: Population recovery of Rattus rattus
###Population recovery of alien black rats *Rattus rattus*: A test of reinvasion theory### **January 2020** **Hansen N, Hughes NK, Byrom AE, Banks PB 2020. [Population recovery of alien black rats *Rattus rattus*: A test of reinvasion theory](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aec.12855). Austral Ecology 45(3): 291-304.** **ABSTRACT** Reinvasion of pest animals after incomplete control is a major challenge for invasive species management, yet little is known about the behavioural and demographic categories of reinvaders or the mechanisms that drive population-level responses to control. To understand the fine-scale mechanisms of reinvasion, we examined changes in demography, movements and activity patterns of reinvading alien black rats *Rattus rattus* in the short (4 weeks) and longer term (3 months) following localised experimental pest removal. **KEYWORDS** alien species; eradication; pest control; recolonisation; reinvasion
PAPER: Environmental change and policy culture impact
###Potential for cascading impacts of environmental change and policy on indigenous culture### **January 2022** **Yletyinen J, Tylianakis JM, Stone C, Lyver PO 2022. [Potential for cascading impacts of environmental change and policy on indigenous culture.](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13280-021-01670-3.pdf) Ambio 51(5): 1110-1122.** **ABSTRACT** Global environmental and societal changes threaten the cultures of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC). Despite the importance of IPLC worldviews and knowledge to sustaining human well-being and biodiversity, risks to these cultural resources are commonly neglected in environmental governance, in part because impacts can be indirect and therefore difficult to evaluate. Here, we investigate the connectivity of values associated with the relationship Ngātiwai (a New Zealand Māori tribe) have with their environment. We show that mapping the architecture of values-environment relationships enables assessment of how deep into culture the impacts of environmental change or policy can cascade. Our results detail how loss of access to key environmental elements could potentially have extensive direct and cascading impacts on the cultural values of Ngātiwai, including environmental responsibilities. Thus, considering only direct effects of environmental change or policy on cultural resources, or treating IPLC social-ecological relations simplistically, can severely underestimate threats to cultures. **KEYWORDS** Cultural heritage; Environmental values; Indigenous peoples; Local communities; Networks; Social-ecological systems
###The value of volunteers### **April 2024** **Whitburn, J. and D. F. Shanahan. 2024. The value of volunteers. Predator Free Wellington Report. Predator Free Wellington Website.** **ABSTRACT** Volunteers play a crucial role in ecological restoration, and turnover can be a major challenge for not-for-profit organisations. Increased recruitment and training can tie up valuable resources. This research, based on a survey of volunteers participating in ecological restoration, is designed to help you understand why people volunteer and what keeps them coming back. This way, volunteering can become a mutually-beneficial experience.
WEBINAR: C&A4 Relationships driving ecosystem regeneration
###Online presentation from Crazy & Ambitious 4: Social-ecological relationships driving ecosystem regeneration **April 2024** Online presentation from Crazy & Ambitious 4: Social-ecological relationships driving ecosystem regeneration, with Danielle Shanahan, Zealandia and Joanne Clapcott, Cawthron Institute.
WEBINAR: C&A4 Restorative – Collective Action
###Online presentation from Crazy & Ambitious 4: Restorative – Collective Action **April 2024** Online presentation from Crazy & Ambitious 4: Restorative – Collective Action, with Kiely McFarlane, Cawthron Institute
REPORT: Perspectives on trout in NZ's bioheritage
###Diverse perspectives on the role of trout in Aotearoa New Zealand's biological heritage### **August 2021** **Holmes R, Kitson J, Tadaki M, McFarlane K 2021. Diverse perspectives on the role of trout in Aotearoa New Zealand's biological heritage. Prepared for the Biological Heritage National Science Challenge. Cawthron Report No. 3691. 127 p. plus appendix** **ABSTRACT** We present qualitative data from interviews undertaken with 13 freshwater knowledge holders. Interviewees included Māori knowledge holders, salmonid fishery managers, indigenous freshwater biodiversity managers, and native fish and salmonid scientists.
POSTER: Roles of restoration collectives
###Roles of restoration collectives### **2024** A high-resolution version poster suitable for printing.
###Roles of restoration collectives### **2024** A lower-resolution file fit for online use.