@prefix dcat: . @prefix dct: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix xsd: . a dcat:Dataset ; dct:description """#Tranche 1: Project 3.1\r \r ###Researchers are developing a framework to help predict and prevent the approach of rapid, harmful and difficult-to-reverse changes in ecosystems.###\r \r In this project, researchers aimed to reverse degradation across a range of ecosystems and nudge these systems towards a healthy, self-reinforcing state. Once an ecosystem reaches a tipping point, it can be costly or unfeasible to reverse – for example the loss of peat-forming species in wetlands, and the loss of soil structure and quality following intensive agriculture.\r \r A key aspect of this BioHeritage Challenge project was understanding the processes leading to these tipping points in socio-ecological systems, and how to use that knowledge to develop generic, widely applicable tools that proactively manage and sustain healthy ecosystems.\r \r **Project Leader**\r \r - Jason Tylianakis, University of Canterbury""" ; dct:identifier "ccd01b9d-f91d-4e06-b552-c5cc8dc6d8c4" ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T02:44:56.223275"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-08-11T23:40:50.168005"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:publisher ; dct:title "Predicting and Preventing Ecosystem Decline" ; dcat:distribution , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Influences of fire–vegetation feedbacks and post‐fire recovery rates on forest landscape vulnerability to altered fire regimes###\r \r **March 2018**\r \r **Tepley AJ, Thomann E, Veblen TT, Perry GLW, Holz A, Paritsis J, Kitzberger T, Anderson-Teixeira KJ 2018. [Influences of fire-vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates on forest landscape vulnerability to altered fire regimes](https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2745.12950). Journal of Ecology 106(5): 1925-1940.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r In the context of ongoing climatic warming, forest landscapes face increasing risk of conversion to non‐forest vegetation through alteration of their fire regimes and their post‐fire recovery dynamics. However, this pressure could be amplified or dampened, depending on how fire‐driven changes to vegetation feed back to alter the extent or behaviour of subsequent fires. Here we develop a mathematical model to formalize understanding of how fire–vegetation feedbacks and the time to forest recovery following high‐severity (i.e. stand‐replacing) fire affect the extent and stability of forest cover across landscapes facing altered fire regimes. We evaluate responses to increasing burn rates while varying the direction (negative vs. positive) of fire–vegetation feedbacks under a continuum of values for feedback strength and post‐fire recovery time. In doing so, we determine how interactions among these variables produce thresholds and tipping points in landscape responses to changing fire regimes. Where the early‐seral vegetation was less fire‐prone than older forests, negative feedbacks limited the reductions in forest cover in response to higher fire frequency or slower forest recovery. By contrast, positive feedbacks (more flammable early‐seral vegetation) produced a tipping point beyond which increases in burn rates or a slowing of forest recovery drove extensive forest loss. With negative feedbacks, the rates of forest loss and expansion in response to variation in fire frequency were similar. However, where feedbacks were positive, the conversion from predominantly forested to non‐forested conditions in response to increasing fire frequency was faster than the re‐expansion of forest cover following a return to the initial burn rate. Strengthening the positive feedbacks increased this asymmetry. Synthesis. Our analyses elucidate how fire–vegetation feedbacks and post‐fire recovery rates interact to affect the trajectories and rates of landscape response to altered fire regimes. We illustrate the vulnerability of ecosystems with positive fire–vegetation feedbacks to climate change‐driven increases in fire activity, especially where post‐fire recovery is slow. Although negative feedbacks initially provide resistance to forest loss with increasing burn rates, this resistance is eventually overwhelmed with sufficient increases to burn rates relative to recovery times. The direction (negative vs. positive) and strength of fire–vegetation feedbacks interact with the rate of forest recovery after severe fire to regulate the vulnerability of forest landscapes to altered fire regimes. Negative feedbacks initially provide resistance against the climate becoming more conducive to fire, whereas positive feedbacks produce a tipping point beyond which landscape transformation is inevitable.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r alternative stable state; fire regime; fire–vegetation; feedback; flammability; forest recovery; hazard rate; non-stationary; tipping point\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T20:25:10.484404"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T20:25:10.484404"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Fire-vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Fire-vegetation feedbacks and alternative states: common mechanisms of temperate forest vulnerability to fire in southern South America and New Zealand\r \r **April 2016**\r \r **Kitzberger T, Perry GLW, Paritsis J, Gowda JH, Tepley AJ, Holz A, Veblen TT 2016. [Fire-vegetation feedbacks and alternative states: common mechanisms of temperate forest vulnerability to fire in southern South America and New Zealand](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/0028825X.2016.1151903?needAccess=true). New Zealand Journal of Botany 54(2): 247-272.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r For two regions, we address the following questions:\r \r 1. What are the major plant species, physiognomic types and functional types characteristic of pyrophytic versus pyrophobic vegetation types and how do their traits affect flammability, resistance to fire and recovery after fire?\r \r 2. What are the roles of herbivory and microclimate in enhancing fire–vegetation feedbacks?\r \r 3. Are there similarities in trends of cover type transitions in relation to altered fire regimens?\r \r 4. How are climate change, land-use trends and the effects of introduced plants and animals affecting the vulnerability of these ecosystems to fire-induced transitions to alternative stable states?\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Alternative stable states; Argentina; bamboo; Chile; flammability; Kunzea *Leptospermum*; New Zealand; *Nothofagus; rainforest; shrubland\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T02:48:43.385493"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T02:48:43.385493"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Fire–vegetation feedbacks and alternative states" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Indigenous peoples: Conservation paradox###\r \r **July 2017**\r \r **Lyver PO, Tylianakis JM 2017. [Indigenous peoples: Conservation paradox](. Science 357(6347): 142-143.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r The customs and culture of indigenous peoples often reflect a deep knowledge of local biodiversity that leads to ecologically responsible behavior. As a result, conservationists advocate the engagement of indigenous peoples in environmental protection programs. However, such programs often limit the use of fauna and flora without regard for indigenous peoples. By interfering with indigenous peoples’ connection to nature, restrictive policies undermine the people who could serve as the first line of defense in conservation.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Indigenous;\r Conservation;\r Biodiversity;\r Policies""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T20:01:07.227781"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T20:01:07.227781"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Indigenous peoples: Conservation paradox" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Diatom nutrient requirements change with lake nutrient limitation and enrichment in New Zealand dune lakes###\r \r **June 2022**\r \r **Gregersen R, Simon KS 2022. [Diatom nutrient requirements change with lake nutrient limitation and enrichment in New Zealand dune lakes](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/00288330.2022.2086589?needAccess=true). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 57(4): 597-612.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Nutrients are important determinants of diatom growth in lakes, and diatoms are considered reliable indicators of changing lake nutrient concentrations and eutrophication. However, diatom ecologies are not static, nor are they linked to single environmental variables, leading to imprecise diatom nutrient inferences. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is the principal issue facing New Zealand’s lakes. Thus, knowledge of diatom responses to nutrients in New Zealand lakes will be important for understanding contemporary and past changes in nutrient availability. Using a nutrient amendment experiment and diatom communities from dune lakes, here we show that the response of specific diatom species is not universal among lakes and is partly determined by lake nutrient concentrations and limitation status. The response of focal diatom species to nutrient additions differed from previously reported nutrient requirements, and did not align with published, assigned trophic statuses. This study highlights that the response of diatoms to nutrient enrichment is context-dependent, and that intraspecific generalisations of diatom ecologies between geographic locations or through time should be made with caution. To apply diatoms to making nutrient inferences, more work focusing on how physiochemical and biological factors influence diatom nutrient requirements is required.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r diatoms; nutrient enrichment; nutrient limitation; resource requirements; lake; eutrophication""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T23:46:53.616845"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T23:46:53.616845"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Diatom nutrient requirements in dune lakes" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Teach Indigenous knowledge alongside science###\r \r **February 2024**\r \r **Black A, Tylianakis JM 2024. Teach Indigenous knowledge alongside science. Science 383(6683): 592-594.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Conflict has grown around Indigenous knowledge in education policy. There has been growing acceptance of the value of Indigenous knowledge for promoting ecological resilience, transformational approaches in stewardship, and cultural renewal within global fora such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. However, despite increasing acceptance at a strategic high level in science-informed policy, there is often a lack of wider acceptance, application, and policy protections of Indigenous knowledge transmission in more local settings, including opposition by some scientists. We argue that Indigenous knowledge can complement and enhance science teachings, benefitting students and society in a time of considerable global challenges. We do not argue that Indigenous knowledge should usurp the role of, or be called, science. But to step from “not science” to “therefore not as (or at all) valuable and worthy of learning” is a non sequitur, based on personal values and not a scientifically defensible position.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Indigenous knowledge;\r Education policy;\r Ecological resilience;\r Cultural renewal;\r Science-informed policy;\r Mātauranga Māori;\r Knowledge transmission;\r Pedagogy""" ; dct:issued "2024-08-05T03:29:55.379116"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-08-05T03:29:55.379116"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Teach Indigenous knowledge alongside science" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Building biocultural approaches into Aotearoa – New Zealand’s conservation future###\r \r **November 2018**\r \r **Lyver POB, Ruru J, Scott N, Tylianakis JM, Arnold J, Malinen SK, Bataille CY, Herse MR, Jones CJ, Gormley AM, Peltzer DA, Taura Y, Timoti P, Stone C, Wilcox M & Moller H. 2019. [Building biocultural approaches into Aotearoa – New Zealand’s conservation future](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/03036758.2018.1539405?needAccess=true). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 49(3): 394-411**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Indigenous peoples’ roles in conservation are important because they offer alternate perspectives and knowledge centred on the quality of the human–environment relationship. Here, we present examples of Māori cultural constructs, mechanisms, legislative warrants and customary (traditional and contemporary) interventions fundamental to the development and delivery of biocultural approaches within NZ’s future conservation system. Biocultural approaches emphasise greater decision-making for the environment at the local institutional level, and contribute towards rebuilding a ‘tuakana–teina’ relationship (a reciprocal learning relationship and responsibility shared between older and younger persons) between societies and their environments. We further posit that the matching of social scales with ecological scales within local management is necessary for the effective implementation of biocultural approaches. Failure to do so could undermine motivation, action, energies and confidence of local communities.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r biocultural conservation; biodiversity; cultural diversity; Indigenous peoples; kaitiakitanga; values""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-12T00:03:24.751299"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-12T00:03:24.751299"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Building biocultural approaches into conservation future" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Landowners’ Perspectives on Coordinated, Landscape-Level Invasive Species Control: The Role of Social and Ecological Context###\r \r **January 2017**\r \r **Niemiec RM, Pech RP, Norbury GL, Byrom AE 2017. [Landowners' Perspectives on Coordinated, Landscape-Level Invasive Species Control: The Role of Social and Ecological Context](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-016-0807-y.pdf). Environ Manage 59(3): 477-489.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r To achieve biodiversity gains, landowner engagement in coordinated invasive species control programs across private lands is needed. Understanding landowners’ perspectives toward such coordinated control efforts is crucial to facilitating engagement. We conducted in person and mail surveys of 68 landowners in and adjacent to the area of a proposed invasive predator control program in New Zealand. We find that, similar to previous studies, landowners consider the potential socioeconomic and ecological benefits of invasive species control and express a strong desire to enhance native biodiversity. However, we also find that landowners take into account the complexity of the local social and ecological context in which a program will unfold in three ways: they consider (1) the level of contribution by other landowners and urban residents who are benefiting from collective control efforts; (2) the potential for the program to upset the local “ecological balance”, leading to increases in other pests; and (3) the probability that the program will be successful given the likelihood of others participating and control tactics being effective. We suggest that managers of coordinated invasive species control efforts may benefit from devoting time and resources toward addressing beliefs about social and ecological context, rather than solely providing financial subsidies and information about control tactics or the impacts of invasive species.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Invasive species;\r Collective action;\r New Zealand;\r Private lands conservation""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T19:57:01.101139"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T19:57:01.101139"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Landowners’ Perspectives on Invasive Species Control" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Assessment of the ecohydrological functioning of Otakairangi Wetland, Northland###\r \r **July 2017**\r \r **Campbell Di. 2017. [Assessment of the ecohydrological functioning of Otakairangi Wetland, Northland (ERI report)](https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstreams/5c4d4ae8-e7d7-48c3-aec7-f594c13202f9/download). The University of Waikato, Environmental Research Institute. Hamilton, New Zealand**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Otakairangi is the largest wetland remnant on the floodplain of Northland’s Wairua River near Hikurangi. Extensive peat deposits many metres deep accumulated over thousands of years on the valley floors of the Otakairangi and Riponui valleys, as they did elsewhere within the former Hikurangi “Swamp”. The present‐day Otakairangi Wetland, with an area of 2.6 km², represents around 20% of its former extent.\r \r This report provides an assessment of the ecohydrological functioning of Otakairangi Wetland in its current state, based on information gathered during a field survey, discussions with landowners, and other sources. The wetland, which contains representative communities of rare peatland plants, is a good candidate for restoration, including re‐introduction of the now locally extinct climax peatland plant species *Sporadanthus ferrugineus*.\r \r Hydrological modification to Otakairangi over the past century has included a deep central drain that has largely eliminated the natural diffuse flows of the former Otakairangi Stream as it traversed the wetland, and lowered water tables. Deep drains bordering the wetland’s south western and south eastern edges have also contributed to a modified hydrological regime. Over much of the past century water table lowering and frequent fires led to dominance by tall manuka, reduced peatland biodiversity, and severe peat degradation.\r \r There is good evidence of fairly recent changes to Otakairangi’s vegetation towards greater dominance, especially in the east, of the key peat‐forming plant and ecosystem engineer *Empodisma robustum*, including vigorous growth of raw fibrous peat. As the dense manuka cover has declined, *Empodisma* and allied plants have been able to naturally colonise and spread.\r \r Despite encouraging signs of some natural vegetation recovery within Otakairangi Wetland, there remain many unanswered questions about the trajectory of this recovery and the ongoing effects of drainage, as well as inundation by flood flows from the highly modified upstream catchment. Also, fire remains a constant threat that could reverse this trajectory. A number of key research questions are provided in this report that will guide the development of a research plan in support of ongoing restoration and monitoring efforts.\r \r A number of restoration options are presented that should be considered at Otakairangi. These include minor to more major hydrological manipulations, which will require careful investigation and flow modelling in addition to working closely with affected landowners. As a first step, detailed surveys are required of drain invert levels and wetland and farmland surface levels. Monitoring of drain and wetland water tables should be initiated as soon as possible, to support research into wetland hydrological regimes and to further understand the spatial effect of water table lowering adjacent to drains. Minimum water level controls should be established along the central drain to prevent further negative effects within the wetland.\r \r \r """ ; dct:issued "2024-08-11T23:08:02.963938"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-08-11T23:08:02.963938"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "REPORT: Ecohydrological assessment of Otakairangi Wetland" . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Planning for tipping points and enhancing resilience in production landscapes###\r \r **June 2017**\r \r A social-ecological system, which emerges when people interact with the natural environment, can cross a tipping point to a self-reinforcing degraded state, leading to substantial and immediate losses of ecosystem services.\r \r Tipping points are not rare, isolated phenomena. On the contrary, they are common features of many social-ecological systems. Still, tipping points have proven difficult to predict.\r \r Transitions to degraded states may be irreversible. However, for some systems, appropriate policies can either facilitate a shift to a new, desirable state or prevent change in the first place. Key leverage points exist at which small inputs can break feedback loops that generate transitions to new states or promote feedback loops that create desired transitions.\r \r Adapting resource use to small-scale changes builds resilience against catastrophic tipping points. Adequate scientific monitoring and system-specific expertise are essential for successful adaptive management\r """ ; dct:format "PDF" ; dct:issued "2024-07-12T00:28:47.197461"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-12T00:28:47.197461"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "BRIEF: Planning for Tipping points" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 994359.0 ; dcat:mediaType "application/pdf" . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Microbes in the Anthropocene: spillover of agriculturally selected bacteria and their impact on natural ecosystems###\r \r **December 2016**\r \r **Bell T, Tylianakis JM 2016. [Microbes in the Anthropocene: spillover of agriculturally selected bacteria and their impact on natural ecosystems](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rspb.2016.0896). Proc Biol Sci 283(1844).**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r We hypothesize that intensified agriculture selects for certain taxa and genes, which then ‘spill over’ into adjacent unmodified areas and generate a halo of genetic differentiation around agricultural fields. Consequently, the spatial configuration and management intensity of different habitats combines with the dispersal ability of individual taxa to determine the extent of spillover, which can impact the functioning of adjacent unmodified habitats. When landscapes are heterogeneous and dispersal rates are high, this will select for large genomes that allow exploitation of multiple habitats, a process that may be accelerated through horizontal gene transfer. Continued expansion of agriculture will increase genotypic similarity, making microbial community functioning increasingly variable in human-dominated landscapes, potentially also impacting the consistent provisioning of ecosystem services. While the resulting economic costs have not been calculated, it is clear that dispersal dynamics of microbes should be taken into consideration to ensure that ecosystem functioning and services are maintained in agri-ecosystem mosaics.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r microbial dispersal; agriculture; soil bacteria; source–sink models; ecosystem functioning; local adaptation\r \r \r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T03:11:15.271676"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T03:11:15.271676"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Microbes in the Anthropocene: impact on natural ecosystems" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Positive feedbacks to fire-driven deforestation following human colonization of the South Island of New Zealand\r \r **June 2016**\r \r **Tepley AJ, Veblen TT, Perry GLW, Stewart GH, Naficy CE. 2016. [Positive Feedbacks to Fire-Driven Deforestation Following Human Colonization of the South Island of New Zealand](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10021-016-0008-9.pdf). Ecosystems 19(8): 1325-1344.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r We show that the burning of beech forests initiates a positive feedback cycle whereby the loss of microclimatic amelioration under the dense forest canopy and the abundant fine fuels that dry readily beneath the sparse mānuka/kānuka canopy enables perpetuation of these stands by facilitating repeated burning. Beech regeneration was limited to a narrow zone along the margin of unburned stands. The high flammability of vegetation that develops after fire and the long time to forest recovery were the primary factors that facilitated extensive deforestation with the introduction of human-ignited fire.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Alternative stable states;\r fire;\r hysteresis;\r *Kunzea*;\r *Leptospermum*;\r *Nothofagus*;\r microclimate;\r reburn;\r tipping point;""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T03:07:35.250784"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T03:07:35.250784"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Positive feedbacks to fire-driven deforestation" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change##\r \r **August 2019**\r \r **Carter L. 2019. [Indigenous Pacific Approaches to climate change: Aotearoa New Zealand](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-96439-3), Palgrave Pivot, Cham.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Situating Māori Ecological Knowledge (MEK) within traditional environmental knowledge (TEK) frameworks, this book recognizes that indigenous ecological knowledge contributes to our understanding of how we live in our world (our world views), and in turn, the ways in which humans adapt to climate change. As an industrialized nation, Aotearoa/New Zealand (A/NZ) has responsibilities and obligations to other Pacific dwellers, including its indigenous populations. In this context, this book seeks to discuss how A/NZ can benefit from the wider Pacific strategies already in place; how to meet its global obligations to reducing GHG; and how A/NZ can utilize MEK to achieve substantial inroads into adaptation strategies and practices. In all respects, Māori tribal groups here are well-placed to be key players in adaptation strategies, policies, and practices that are referenced through Māori/Iwi traditional knowledge.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r indigenous knowledge;\r Māori ecological knowledge;\r resource management;\r adaptation;\r social change;\r climate change mitigation\r \r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T21:00:40.007724"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T21:00:40.007724"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "BOOK: Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Symmetric assembly and disassembly processes in an ecological network###\r \r **April 2018**\r \r **Tylianakis JM, Martinez-Garcia LB, Richardson SJ, Peltzer DA, Dickie IA 2018. [Symmetric assembly and disassembly processes in an ecological network](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ele.12957). Ecology Letters 21(6): 896-904.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r The processes whereby ecological networks emerge, persist and decay throughout ecosystem development are largely unknown. Here we study networks of plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities along a 120 000 year soil chronosequence, as they undergo assembly (progression) and then disassembly (retrogression). We found that network assembly and disassembly were symmetrical, self-reinforcing processes that together were capable of generating key attributes of network architecture. Plant and AMF species that had short indirect paths to others in the community (i.e. high centrality), rather than many direct interaction partners (i.e. high degree), were best able to attract new interaction partners and, in the case of AMF species, also to retain existing interactions with plants during retrogression. We then show using simulations that these non-random patterns of attachment and detachment promote nestedness of the network. These results have implications for predicting extinction sequences, identifying focal points for invasions and suggesting trajectories for restoration.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Ecological networks;\r Preferential attachment/detachment;\r Network assembly;\r Ecosystem development;\r Network architecture;\r Abundance;\r Interactions;\r Mutualists;""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T20:11:28.279717"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T20:11:28.279717"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Symmetric assembly and disassembly ecology" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to tipping points###\r \r **January 2019**\r \r Freshwater ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to major changes in the structure of biological communities following small increases in stressors (tipping points). \r \r Protecting against tipping points is a goal of environmental policy that seeks to limit environmental change to within acceptable bounds.\r \r Identifying which particular characteristics of ecosystems underpin vulnerability will facilitate more directed management and better policy to protect against tipping points. We investigated the attributes of freshwater ecosystems that increase their vulnerability to tipping points, especially situations where undesirable ecosystem changes become reinforced by feedbacks that make them particularly hard to reverse (known as hysteresis).\r """ ; dct:format "PDF" ; dct:issued "2024-07-12T00:21:45.956640"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-12T00:21:45.956640"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "BRIEF: Vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to tipping points" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 480382.0 ; dcat:mediaType "application/pdf" . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Biocultural Hysteresis Inhibits Adaptation to Environmental Change###\r \r **May 2019**\r \r **Lyver POB, Timoti P, Davis T, Tylianakis JM 2019. [Biocultural Hysteresis Inhibits Adaptation to Environmental Change](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534719301053/pdfft?md5=7da9beba8e81ded6996b036a5663fa66&pid=1-s2.0-S0169534719301053-main.pdf). Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34(9): 771-780.**\r \r **ABSTRACT** \r \r Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) often use natural resources as both a reason and mechanism for environmental management, yet a number of environmental, social, and economic drivers disrupt this relationship. Here, we argue that these drivers can also trigger a set of feedback mechanisms that further diminish the efficacy of local management. We call this process biocultural hysteresis. These feedbacks, which include knowledge loss and a breakdown of social hierarchies, prevent IPLC from adapting their management to change. Biocultural hysteresis worsens as IPLC spend an increasing amount of time outside their social–ecological context. Therefore, we argue for adaptive policies and processes that favour protecting and enabling IPLC engagement with their environment.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r biocultural hysteresis; biodiversity; cultural diversity; engagement with environment; indigenous knowledge; local knowledge; feedback mechanisms""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-12T00:08:26.512809"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-12T00:08:26.512809"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Biocultural Hysteresis Inhibits Adaptation to Environmental Change" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Evaluating the Role of Social Norms in Fostering Pro-Environmental Behaviors\r \r **June 2021**\r \r **Perry GLW, Richardson SJ, Harré N, Hodges D, Lyver PO, Maseyk FJF, Taylor R, Todd JH, Tylianakis JM, Yletyinen J, Brower A. 2021. [Evaluating the Role of Social Norms in Fostering Pro-Environmental Behaviors](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.620125/pdf?isPublishedV2=false). Frontiers in Environmental Science 9.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Human activity is changing the biosphere in unprecedented ways, and addressing this challenge will require changes in individual and community patterns of behavior. One approach to managing individual behaviors is “top-down” and involves imposing sanctions through legislative frameworks. However, of itself, a top-down framework does not appear sufficient to encourage the changes required to meet environmental sustainability targets. Thus, there has been interest in changing individual-level behavior from the “bottom-up” by, for example, fostering desirable pro-environmental behaviors via social norms. Social norms arise from expectations about how others will behave and the consequences of conforming to or departing from them. Meta-analyses suggest that social norms can promote pro-environmental behavior. Environmental social norms that appear to have changed in recent decades and have themselves promoted change include recycling, include nascent behavioral shifts such as the move away from single-use plastics and flight shaming (flygskam). However, whether the conditions under which pro-environmental social norms emerge and are adhered to align with environmental systems’ features is unclear. Furthermore, individuals might feel powerless in a global system, which can limit the growth and influence of pro-environmental norms. We review the conditions believed to promote the development of and adherence to social norms, then consider how those conditions relate to the environmental challenges of the Anthropocene. While promoting social norms has a valuable role in promoting pro-environmental actions, we conclude that norms are most likely to be effective where individual actions are immediately evident and have an obvious and local effect.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r pro-environmental behavior, social norms, uncertainty, collective action, psychological distance""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T23:57:03.151115"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T23:57:03.151115"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Social Norms role in pro-environmental behaviours" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Considering a future spatial framework for wetland mapping and monitoring in New Zealand###\r \r **August 2018**\r \r **Newsome P. 2017. [Considering a future spatial framework for wetland mapping and monitoring in New Zealand](https://environment.govt.nz/assets/Publications/Files/Considering-a-future-spatial-framework-for-wetland-mapping-and-monitoring-in-New-Zealand.pdf). Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research contract report LC3000. Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment.** \r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r The Ministry for the Environment, Department of Conservation, and the Biological Heritage National Science Challenge co-funded research to look at contemporary losses of wetland extent in New Zealand. This report provides recommendations and a suggested path forward to improve our ability to monitor and report on national wetland extent.\r \r Currently, New Zealand is unable to adequately report on wetland extent and change. State of environment reports seeking to compare pre-human wetland extent with contemporary extent rely on published work by Ausseil *et al* (2008) based on provisional data from 2003 and earlier. There is a need for an enduring solution to ongoing wetland monitoring and reporting, utilising the strengths of existing databases, and existing and planned monitoring processes.\r \r Wetlands have not yet been comprehensively, reliably, and accurately mapped at the national level, but the elements necessary to achieve this exist in two national databases (WONI and LCDB) and in sub-national datasets maintained by some regional councils. This report examines the two national layers (WONI and LCDB v4) and regional council layers, and proposes a national spatial framework that would serve New Zealand’s monitoring and reporting needs.""" ; dct:issued "2024-08-11T23:35:22.465985"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-08-11T23:35:22.465985"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "REPORT: Wetland mapping and monitoring framework " ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Ecological Networks Across Environmental Gradients###\r \r **November 2017**\r \r **Tylianakis JM, Morris RJ 2017. [Ecological Networks Across Environmental Gradients](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022821#). Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Vol 48 48(1): 25-48.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Ecological networks have a long history in ecology, and a recent increase in network analyses across environmental gradients has revealed important changes in their structure, dynamics, and functioning. These changes can be broadly grouped according to three nonexclusive mechanisms: (a) changes in the species composition of the networks (driven by interaction patterns of invaders, nonrandom extinction of species according to their traits, or differences among species in population responses across gradients); (b) changes that alter interaction frequencies via changes in search efficiency (driven by altered habitat structure or metabolic rates) or changes in spatial and temporal overlap; and (c) changes to coevolutionary processes and patterns. Taking spatial and temporal processes into account can further elucidate network variation and improve predictions of network responses to environmental change. Emerging evidence links network structure to ecosystem functioning; however, scaling up to metanetworks or multilayer networks may modify interpretations of network structure, stability, and functioning.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r food web, ecosystem functioning, global change, mutualistic network, spatial and temporal processes, species interactions\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T19:53:48.994301"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T19:53:48.994301"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Ecological Networks Across Environmental Gradients" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Social–ecological connections across land, water, and sea demand a reprioritization of environmental management###\r \r **June 2022**\r \r **Gladstone-Gallagher RV, Tylianakis JM, Yletyinen J, Dakos V, Douglas EJ, Greenhalgh S, Hewitt JE, Hikuroa D, Lade SJ, Le Heron R, Norkko A, Perry GLW, Pilditch CA, Schiel D, Siwicka E, Warburton H, Thrush SF. 2022. [Social-ecological connections across land, water, and sea demand a reprioritization of environmental management](https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article-pdf/10/1/00075/715281/elementa.2021.00075.pdf). Elementa-Science of the Anthropocene 10(1).**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Despite many sectors of society striving for sustainability in environmental management, humans often fail to identify and act on the connections and processes responsible for social–ecological tipping points. Part of the problem is the fracturing of environmental management and social–ecological research into ecosystem domains (land, freshwater, and sea), each with different scales and resolution of data acquisition and distinct management approaches. We present a perspective on the social–ecological connections across ecosystem domains that emphasize the need for management reprioritization to effectively connect these domains. We identify critical nexus points related to the drivers of tipping points, scales of governance, and the spatial and temporal dimensions of social–ecological processes. We combine real-world examples and a simple dynamic model to illustrate the implications of slow management responses to environmental impacts that traverse ecosystem domains. We end with guidance on management and research opportunities that arise from this cross-domain lens to foster greater opportunity to achieve environmental and sustainability goals.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Cross-domain, Cumulative effects, Ecosystem-based management, Hilltops to ocean, Tipping points""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-11T22:34:26.491828"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-11T22:34:26.491828"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Social-ecological reprioritision of environmental management " ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Shouldering the burden: social-ecological scale mismatches in wetland ecosystem management in Aotearoa New Zealand###\r \r **November 2023**\r \r **Bataille CY, Malinen SK, Lyver PO 2023. [Shouldering the burden: social-ecological scale mismatches in wetland ecosystem management in Aotearoa New Zealand](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/26395916.2023.2279589?needAccess=true). Ecosystems and People 19(1).**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Social-ecological mismatches in scale limit the recovery of ecosystems from environmental degradation, severely impacting the diverse groups who rely on them. Identifying scale mismatches across cultural groups provides insights into underlying social and structural inequities affecting the management, recovery, and use of natural ecosystems. It can also present pathways to remediate mismatches and inequities. Here, we investigated the nature of social-ecological scale mismatches reported by four actor groups (tangata tiaki (Māori environmental guardians), private landowners, Crown (i.e. State) agencies, and recreational gamebird hunters) associated with wetland ecosystems in Aotearoa New Zealand. We also sought to uncover the nature of burdens and benefits brought about by mismatches and whether these were reportedly shared by all groups. Spatial, temporal, and functional-conceptual scale mismatches enabled by Western-based governance (e.g. policies geared towards individual farm-scale rather than catchment-scale wetland management) were reported to undermine aspects of social, cultural, and environmental wellbeing (e.g. through reduced agency). Mismatches such as focus on short-term economic gain over long-term wetland ecosystem health were reported to hamper particularly Indigenous peoples’ rights and responsibilities towards natural ecosystems. Equitable partnerships and nested governance are mechanisms within biocultural frameworks that can support self-determination by Indigenous peoples. Fostering cultural diversity by embracing value plurality and weaving diverse knowledge systems can improve social-ecological outcomes for both Indigenous and other actor groups. Social justice through equitable management and use of resources can then cascade to promote social-ecological wellbeing, thus benefitting both humans and other elements of nature.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Biocultural approach; Indigenous peoples; kaitiakitanga; Māori; social-ecological scale mismatches; wetlands""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-24T02:36:58.206679"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-24T02:36:58.206679"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Wetland management scale mismatches" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###An analysis of wetland loss between 2001/02 and 2015/16###\r \r **May 2017**\r \r **Belliss S, Shepherd J, Newsome P, Dymond J. 2017. [An analysis of wetland loss between 2001/02 and 2015/16](https://environment.govt.nz/assets/Publications/Files/analysis-of-wetland-loss.pdf). Landcare Research Contract Report LC2798. Prepared for Ministry for the Environment.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r The Ministry for the Environment, Department of Conservation, and the Biological Heritage National Science Challenge co-funded research to look at contemporary losses of wetland extent in New Zealand.\r \r This report, cofunded by prepared by Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, provides an initial analysis of New Zealand’s wetland loss for the period summer 2001/2 through to summer 2015/2016, and has a companion report which suggests a path forward to improve our ability to monitor and report on national wetland extent.\r \r The underlying data (and a log of wetland polygons requiring future editing) are available on the MfE Data Service.\r \r """ ; dct:issued "2024-08-11T23:40:50.189776"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-08-11T23:40:50.189776"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "REPORT: An analysis of wetland loss" . a foaf:Organization ; foaf:name "Challenge Inventory" .