@prefix dcat: . @prefix dct: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix xsd: . a dcat:Dataset ; dct:description """#Tranche 1: Project 2.1#\r \r ##The spread of pests, weeds and pathogens into Aotearoa is a major cause of the decline of its biological heritage. This includes profitability of agriculture, access to export markets and the population viability of native and taonga (treasured) species.##\r \r To develop and implement modelling tools for nursery trade, livestock movement and recreational travel networks:\r \r - Map generic patterns of likely introduction and spread through New Zealand.\r \r - Identify critical points in networks for surveillance.\r \r - Increase traceability so any outbreak can be traced back to the supplier or importer.\r \r **Project Leader:**\r \r - Prof. Phil Hulme, Lincoln University""" ; dct:identifier "99b368b0-1bdb-4e3d-acab-e0973950dc2d" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T02:39:33.513771"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-31T23:41:19.648387"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:publisher ; dct:title "Biosecurity Network Interventions" ; dcat:distribution , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Import volumes and biosecurity interventions shape the arrival rate of fungal pathogens###\r \r **May 2018**\r \r **Sikes BA, Bufford JL, Hulme PE, Cooper JA, Johnston PR, Duncan RP. 2018. [Import volumes and biosecurity interventions shape the arrival rate of fungal pathogens](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2006025&type=printable). PLoS Biology 16(5): e2006025.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Global trade and the movement of people accelerate biological invasions by spreading species worldwide. Biosecurity measures seek to allow trade and passenger movements while preventing incursions that could lead to the establishment of unwanted pests, pathogens, and weeds. However, few data exist to evaluate whether changes in trade volumes, passenger arrivals, and biosecurity measures have altered rates of establishment of nonnative species over time. This is particularly true for pathogens, which pose significant risks to animal and plant health and are consequently a major focus of biosecurity efforts but are difficult to detect. Here, we use a database of all known plant pathogen associations recorded in New Zealand to estimate the rate at which new fungal pathogens arrived and established on 131 economically important plant species over the last 133 years. We show that the annual arrival rate of new fungal pathogens increased from 1880 to about 1980 in parallel with increasing import trade volume but subsequently stabilised despite continued rapid growth in import trade and recent rapid increases in international passenger arrivals. Nevertheless, while pathogen arrival rates for crop and pasture species have declined in recent decades, arrival rates have increased for forestry and fruit tree species. These contrasting trends between production sectors reflect differences in biosecurity effort and suggest that targeted biosecurity can slow pathogen arrival and establishment despite increasing trade and international movement of people.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Import volumes;\r Biosecurity interventions;\r Fungal pathogens;\r Global trade;\r Biological invasions""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:03:08.765214"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:03:08.765214"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Factors shaping arrival rate of fungal pathogens" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Strong fitness differences impede coexistence between an alien water fern (*Azolla pinnata *R. Br.) and its native congener (*Azolla rubra *R. Br.) in New Zealand###\r \r **August 2018**\r \r **Ocampo-Ariza C, Bufford JL, Hulme PE, Champion PD, Godsoe W 2018. [Strong fitness differences impede coexistence between an alien water fern (Azolla pinnata R. Br.) and its native congener (Azolla rubra R. Br.) in New Zealand](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10530-018-1740-1.pdf). Biological Invasions 20(10): 2889-2897.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Despite considerable evidence that alien plants impact the fecundity, productivity and abundance of native plant species, support for alien plant species causing the widespread decline of native species is rare. Coexistence theory proposes that the outcome of competition between two species can be predicted through the invasion criterion, measured as a positive population-level growth rate of each competitor when that species is rare. Here we make use of coexistence theory to examine the likelihood of persistence of a native water fern (*Azolla rubra*) following invasion by an alien congener (*Azolla pinnata*) which has apparently displaced the native wherever their ranges overlap in New Zealand. We evaluate coexistence between the two water fern species using experimental measurements of population-level growth rates. We show that the alien A. pinnata has a higher fitness than *A. rubra*, which hinders coexistence between the two species. These experimental results match the rapid expansion of A. pinnata and the apparent decline of *A. rubra* observed in nature. Our study predicts that A. pinnata is capable of replacing its native congener, highlights the importance of fitness differences in invasion success, and demonstrates the value of experimental analyses of species coexistence for predicting longer-term invasion dynamics and impacts. Using experiments to test coexistence mechanisms between alien and native species is a valuable approach to predict invasion outcomes and one that can lead to insights on the long-term impacts of alien species, including extinction, on native species populations.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Biological invasions;\r Biotic interactions;\r Coexistence mechanisms;\r Extinction risk;\r Invasion success;\r Relative fitness differences;\r Niche differentiation;\r Weed\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:08:13.949592"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:08:13.949592"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Fitness differences impede water fern coexistence" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###A Socio-economic Research Plan for Evaluating Possible Interventions in New Zealand Biosecurity Networks###\r \r **July 2016**\r \r **Dalzial P, Hulme, PE. 2016. [A socio-economic research plan for evaluating possible interventions in New Zealand's biosecurity networks](https://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/bitstreams/d55e3c9f-8720-41f6-96e4-ca90c4a11378/download). Lincoln University: Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit. 32 p. **\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r This report was prepared for the Biological Heritage National Science Challenge. New Zealand has a range of institutional arrangements for responding to a biosecurity incursion, including interventions at points in human-assisted networks such as displaying public notices, distributing information pamphlets, requiring some inspection of vehicles or passengers, or banning the transport of certain animals or commodities. Any intervention along these lines would impose costs as well as benefits. Policy advisors therefore require a robust procedure for ensuring that a possible intervention is found to be justified from a public policy perspective. The purpose of this report is to contribute to better understanding of targeted control efforts by answering the following research question: How can we evaluate the socio-economic costs and benefits, and the distribution of those costs and benefits, resulting from any proposed network intervention in response to a biosecurity incursion?\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r biosecurity, cost benefit analysis, human-assisted networks, New Zealand""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:59:51.052835"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:59:51.052835"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "REPORT: Evaluating possible biosecurity network interventions " ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools###\r \r **February 2018**\r \r **Seebens H, Blackburn TM, Dyer EE, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Pagad S, Pysek P, van Kleunen M, Winter M and others 2018. [Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools](https://www.pnas.org/doi/reader/10.1073/pnas.1719429115). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 115(10): E2264-E2273.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species - those never encountered as aliens before - therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide.\r \r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r source species pools;\r invasive species;\r drivers;\r time series;\r globalisation""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:17:55.379694"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:17:55.379694"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Global rise in emerging alien species" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Protected land: Threat of invasive species###\r \r **August 2018**\r \r **Hulme PE 2018. [Protected land: Threat of invasive species](https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.aau3784). Science 361(6402): 561-562.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r A letter written and published in response to the report “One-third of global protected land is under intense human pressure”, discussing that the index (from the original report) underestimates the impact of invasive alien species.\r \r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:20:54.958197"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:20:54.958197"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "LETTER: Protected land: Threat of invasive species" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Troubling travellers: are ecologically harmful alien species associated with particular introduction pathways?###\r \r **January 2017**\r \r **Pergl J, Pyšek P, Bacher S, Essl F, Genovesi P, Harrower CA, Hulme PE, Jeschke JE, Kenis M, Kühn I, Perglová I, Rabitsch W, Roques A, Roy DB, Roy HE, Vilà M, Winter M & Nentwig W. 2017. [Troubling travellers: are ecologically harmful alien species associated with particular introduction pathways?](https://neobiota.pensoft.net/article/10199/download/pdf/283979) NeoBiota 32: 1-20.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Prioritization of introduction pathways is seen as an important component of the management of biological invasions. We address whether established alien plants, mammals, freshwater fish and terrestrial invertebrates with known ecological impacts are associated with particular introduction pathways (release, escape, contaminant, stowaway, corridor and unaided). We used the information from the European alien species database DAISIE (www.europe-aliens.org) supplemented by the EASIN catalogue (European Alien Species Information Network), and expert knowledge.\r \r Plants introduced by the pathways release, corridor and unaided were disproportionately more likely to have ecological impacts than those introduced as contaminants. In contrast, impacts were not associated with particular introduction pathways for invertebrates, mammals or fish. Thus, while for plants management strategies should be targeted towards the appropriate pathways, for animals, management should focus on reducing the total number of taxa introduced, targeting those pathways responsible for high numbers of introductions. However, regardless of taxonomic group, having multiple introduction pathways increases the likelihood of the species having an ecological impact. This may simply reflect that species introduced by multiple pathways have high propagule pressure and so have a high probability of establishment. Clearly, patterns of invasion are determined by many interacting factors and management strategies should reflect this complexity.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r DAISIE, Europe, fish, ecological impact, introductions, invertebrates, mammals, pathways, plants""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T03:51:14.484159"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T03:51:14.484159"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Harmful species and introduction pathways" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Plant nursery networks: Suitability of existing pathogen data and opportunities for new data collection to parameterise a plant nursery network model###\r \r **June 2016**\r \r **Ganley B. 2016. Plant nursery networks: Suitability of existing pathogen data and opportunities for new data collection to parameterise a plant nursery network model 12 p. **\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r The movement of live plants through professional nurseries is known to be an effective means to disseminate plant pathogens. The aim of the Biosecurity Network Interventions project is to develop a network model linked with the potential for pathogen spread through nursery pathways. Ultimately the model will allow stakeholders to identify opportunities for interventions to either contain or slow the rate of spread of unwanted pathogens, thereby providing methods to safeguard New Zealand’s plant-based economy.\r \r The objective of this report is to review the suitability of existing pathogen data for plant nursery networks, highlight the gaps that exist with the current data and identify opportunities or methods to generate new data to parametrise or validate models.""" ; dct:format "PDF" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T22:24:35.583516"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T22:24:35.583516"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "REPORT: Pathogen data suitability for nursery network model" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 291593.0 ; dcat:mediaType "application/pdf" . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Natural area visitor networks: Suitability of existing pathogen data and opportunities for new data collection to parameterise a natural area visitor network model###\r \r **June 2016**\r \r **Ganley B. 2016. Natural area visitor networks: Suitability of existing pathogen data and opportunities for new data collection to parameterise a natural area visitor network model. 10 p. **\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r The increased access of visitors into natural areas provides new routes for the entry of pathogens into places of high biodiversity value, and could facilitate the spread of an unwanted, high-risk pathogen when introduced. Currently the network connections between natural areas frequented by visitors is unknown and the aim of the Biological Heritage National Science Challenge Biosecurity Network Interventions project is to develop a network model linked with the potential for pathogen spread through these natural areas. \r \r The objective of this report is to review the suitability of existing pathogen data in natural areas, highlight the gaps that exist with the current data and identify opportunities or methods to generate new data to parametrise or validate models.""" ; dct:format "PDF" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T22:40:50.403685"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T22:40:50.403685"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "REPORT: Pathogen data suitability for visitor network model " ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 242119.0 ; dcat:mediaType "application/pdf" . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Alien and native plant richness and abundance respond to different environmental drivers across multiple gravel floodplain ecosystems###\r \r **May 2016**\r \r **Brummer TJ, Byrom AE, Sullivan JJ, Hulme PE 2016. [Alien and native plant richness and abundance respond to different environmental drivers across multiple gravel floodplain ecosystems](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.12448). Diversity and Distributions 22(7): 823-835.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r _Aim_\r \r To assess whether native and alien plant cover and richness respond similarly to flow regime, propagule pressure, climate and floodplain characteristics in highly dynamic braided river ecosystems.\r \r _Location_\r \r Canterbury, New Zealand.\r \r _Methods_\r \r A regional, multiscale survey was conducted across 19 braided river floodplains in multiple catchments. We measured alien and native cover and richness across gradients of flow regime (flow magnitude, variability and high/low-flow events), propagule pressure (inferred from land cover), climate and local-scale floodplain substrate and topography. Boosted regression trees were used to determine the relative and absolute importance of these variables on plant cover and richness.\r \r _Results_\r \r The floodplain ecosystems were highly invaded with 154 alien species and only 31 natives. Alien cover was higher in rivers with larger maximum flows, in plots with fine substrate texture, and at higher local river bed elevations. Alien richness increased as the variability of winter flows increased and followed a hump-shaped relationship with river bed elevation. In contrast, native species richness and cover were both shaped primarily by climate and by land cover, higher in cooler and wetter areas with more adjacent native vegetation.\r \r _Main conclusions_\r \r Alien and native richness and cover were shaped by different variables, so managing the ecosystem (e.g. flow regime) to mitigate aliens would not necessarily promote natives. Promotion of natives will require considerations of propagule supply and whether extant native species are suited to low-elevation climatic conditions. Aliens were associated with predictors that approximate disturbance processes. Increased flow variability in winter could lead to an increase in the number of aliens; conversely, flow stabilization is likely to allow problematic invaders to increase in cover locally.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r disturbance; drought; ecohydrology; elevation; exotic invasion; non-native; propagule pressure; weeds\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T03:00:32.608827"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T03:00:32.608827"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Plant response to environmental drivers" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Estimating the level of disease risk and biosecurity on commercial poultry farms in New Zealand###\r \r **May 2020**\r \r **Greening SS, Mulqueen K, Rawdon TG, French NP, Gates MC 2020. Estimating the level of disease risk and biosecurity on commercial poultry farms in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 68(5): 261-271.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r _Aims:_\r \r To collect baseline data on the contact risk pathways and biosecurity practices of commercial poultry farms in New Zealand, investigate the relationship between the farm-level disease contact risks and biosecurity practices, and identify important poultry health concerns of producers.\r \r _Methods_: \r \r A cross-sectional survey of all registered New Zealand commercial poultry operations was conducted in 2016 collecting information on farm demographics, biosecurity practices, and contact risk pathways. Survey responses were used to generate an unweighted subjective disease risk score based on eight risk criteria and a subjective biosecurity score based on the frequency with which producers reported implementing seven biosecurity measures. Producer opinions towards poultry health issues were also determined.\r \r _Results:_\r \r Responses to the survey response were obtained from 120/414 (29.0%) producers, including 57/157 (36.3%) broiler, 33/169 (19.5%) layer, 24/55 (44%) breeder, and 6/32 (19%) other poultry production types. Median disease risk scores differed between production types (p < 0.001) and were lowest for breeder enterprises. The greatest risk for layer and broiler enterprises was from the potential movement of employees between sheds, and for breeder enterprises was the on- and off-farm movement of goods and services. Median biosecurity scores also differed between production types (p < 0.001), and were highest for breeder and broiler enterprises. Across all sectors there was no statistical correlation between biosecurity scores and disease risk scores. Producers showed a high level of concern over effectively managing biosecurity measures.\r \r _Conclusions:_\r \r The uptake of biosecurity measures in the commercial poultry farms surveyed was highly variable, with some having very low scores despite significant potential disease contact risks. This may be related to the low prevalence or absence of many important infectious poultry diseases in New Zealand leading farmers to believe there is a limited need to maintain good biosecurity as well as farmer uncertainty around the efficacy of different biosecurity measures. Further research is needed to understand barriers towards biosecurity adoption including evaluating the cost-effectiveness of biosecurity interventions.\r \r **KEYWORDS** \r \r Poultry health; biosecurity; disease risk; contact networks\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:38:03.922435"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:38:03.922435"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Poultry farm disease risk" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Invasion pathways at a crossroad: policy and research challenges for managing alien species introductions###\r \r **May 2015**\r \r **Hulme PE 2015. [Invasion pathways at a crossroad: policy and research challenges for managing alien species introductions](https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2664.12470). Journal of Applied Ecology 52(6): 1418-1424.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity have agreed that, by 2020, invasion pathways will be identified, prioritized and managed to prevent the introduction of invasive alien species.\r \r The challenges facing this target are examined for six primary invasion pathways: assisted colonization as a deliberate release; escape of pets and aquaria species; parasite and pathogen contaminants of wildlife; stowaways on tourist clothing and equipment; navigation corridors; and transboundary implications of unaided spread.\r \r Economic drivers such as tourism, the pet trade and infrastructure projects will accelerate invasive alien species introductions, particularly in emerging economies. Mitigation requires ‘polluter pays’ legislation combined with improved policy enforcement and compliance.\r \r Policy implications. Policymakers require new risk analysis tools to predict the hazards posed by species with no prior invasion history, the vulnerability of native biodiversity to emerging diseases, and the components of regional species pools that become invasive following connection via corridors.\r \r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Aichi Target, assisted migration, ballast water, biosecurity, canals, emerging diseases, exotic species, phytosanitary standards, quarantine, trade\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T02:45:14.865087"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T02:45:14.865087"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Invasion pathways at a crossroad" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Integrating invasive species policies across ornamental horticulture supply chains to prevent plant invasions###\r \r **June 2017**\r \r **Hulme PE, Brundu G, Carboni M, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Dullinger S, Early R, Essl F, González-Moreno P, Groom QJ, Kueffer C, Kühn I, Maurel N, Novoa A, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Seebens H, Tanner R, Touza JM, van Kleunen M, Verbrugge LN. 2018. [Integrating invasive species policies across ornamental horticulture supply chains to prevent plant invasions](https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2664.12953). Journal of Applied Ecology 55(1): 92-98.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Ornamental horticulture is the primary pathway for invasive alien plant introductions. We critically appraise published evidence on the effectiveness of four policy instruments that tackle invasions along the horticulture supply chain: pre-border import restrictions, post-border bans, industry codes of conduct and consumer education.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Invasive species;\r Ornamental horticulture;\r Supply chain;\r Plant invasions;\r Policy instruments;\r Risk assessment;\r Industry compliance;\r Sales bans;\r Consumer education;\r Government-industry agreements""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T04:08:42.698336"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T04:08:42.698336"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Integrating policies to prevent plant invasions" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Incursion response in New Zealand###\r \r **October 2016**\r \r **In: Wilson JR, Panetta FD, Lindgren C. 2016. Detecting and Responding to Alien Plant Incursions. Cambridge University Press. p. 282**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Ecologists, land managers and policymakers continue to search for the most effective ways to manage biological invasions. An emerging lesson is that proactive management can limit negative impacts, reduce risks and save money. This book explores how to detect and respond to alien plant incursions, summarising the most current literature, providing practical recommendations and reviewing the conditions and processes necessary to achieve prevention, eradication and containment. Chapter topics include assessing invasiveness and the impact of alien plants, how to improve surveillance efforts, how to make timely management decisions, and how legislation and strategic planning can support management. Each chapter includes text boxes written by international experts that discuss topical issues such as spatial predictive modelling, costing invasions, biosecurity, biofuels, and dealing with conflict species.\r \r **The introduction of Detecting and Responding to Alien Plant Incursions includes Box 1.1: Incursion response in New Zealand authored by PE. Hulme., which can be found in more detail [HERE](https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/95601/excerpt/9781107095601_excerpt.pdf)**\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T04:17:31.752964"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T04:17:31.752964"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "BOOK SECTION: Incursion Response in NZ" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Assessing patterns in introduction pathways of alien species by linking major invasion data bases###\r \r **November 2016**\r \r **Saul WC, Roy HE, Booy O, Carnevali L, Chen HJ, Genovesi P, Harrower CA, Hulme PE, Pagad S, Pergl J and others 2017. [Assessing patterns in introduction pathways of alien species by linking major invasion data bases](https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2664.12819). Journal of Applied Ecology 54(2): 657-669.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r We analyse the data for major patterns in the introduction pathways, highlighting that the specific research question and context determines whether the combined or an individual data set is the better information source for such analyses. While the combined data set provides an improved basis for direction-setting in invasion management policies on the global level, individual data sets often better reflect regional idiosyncrasies. The combined data set should thus be considered in addition to, rather than replacing, existing individual data sets.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r biosecurity; escape; introduction pathways; invasion management; invasive non-native species; prevention; prioritisation; release; standard pathway categorisation; transport""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T03:37:09.344439"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T03:37:09.344439"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Assessing patterns in introduction pathways" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Understanding and Managing Social-Ecological Tipping Points in Primary Industries###\r \r **May 2019**\r \r **Yletyinen J, Brown P, Pech R, Hodges D, Hulme PE, Malcolm TF, Maseyk FJF, Peltzer DA, Perry GLW, Richardson SJ, Smaill SJ, Stanley MC, Todd JH, Walsh PJ, Wright W & Tylianakis JM. 2019. [Understanding and Managing Social-Ecological Tipping Points in Primary Industries](https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-pdf/69/5/335/28572228/biz031.pdf). Bioscience 69(5): 335-347.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Global environmental change and humanity's growing demands for resources have generated concerns regarding how much pressure Earth systems can absorb without drastic, potentially irreversible consequences. In natural resource production systems, tipping points can generate immediate threats to human well-being. However, empirically exploiting conceptual tipping point models, and applying that learning to management has proven challenging. We argue that primary industries are characterized by a set of social and ecological features that predisposes them to tipping points and motivates studying them as a special class of social–ecological systems. Several primary industry features and feedback loops can explain why some resource systems face a high risk of tipping points, how social responses can affect the detection of early warnings, and how tipping points may cascade among primary industry subsystems. New understanding of resource resilience could be gained by complementing current research with a primary industry perspective. We discuss challenges and solutions for this research agenda.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Social-ecological tipping points;\r Primary industries;\r Resource production systems;\r Tipping point models;\r Social-ecological systems;\r Resource resilience;\r Feedback loops;\r Early warnings;\r Resource systems""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:28:45.005188"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:28:45.005188"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Understanding Social-Ecological Tipping Points" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Blurring Alien Introduction Pathways Risks Losing the Focus on Invasive Species Policy###\r \r **May 2016**\r \r **Hulme PE, Bacher S, Kenis M, Kuhn I, Pergl J, Pysek P, Roques A, Vila M. 2017. [Blurring Alien Introduction Pathways Risks Losing the Focus on Invasive Species Policy](https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12262). Conservation Letters 10(2): 265-266.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r The pathways by which alien species are introduced to new regions fall into six broad classes: deliberate release; escape from captivity; contaminant of a commodity; stowaway on a transport vector; via an infrastructure corridor (without which spread would not be possible) or unaided from other invaded regions. However, Gilroy et al. (2016) argue that species dispersing naturally, through the infrastructure corridor or unaided pathway, should be classed as native rather than alien. We contend their proposal is not only unworkable but also unwise.\r \r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T03:24:02.243843"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T03:24:02.243843"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Blurring Alien Introduction Pathways" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Crossing Frontiers in Tackling Pathways of Biological Invasions###\r \r **May 2015**\r \r **EEssl F, Bacher S, Blackburn TM, Booy O, Brundu G, Brunel S, Cardoso AC, Eschen R, Gallardo B, Galil B, García-Berthou E, Genovesi P, Groom Q, Harrower C, Hulme PE, Katsanevakis S, Kenis M, Kühn I, Kumschick S, Martinou AF, Nentwig W, O'Flynn C, Pagad S, Pergl J, PyšekP, Rabitsch W, Richardson DM, Roques A, Roy HE, Scalera R, Schindler S, Seebens H, Vanderhoeven S, Vilà M, Wilson JRU, Zenetos A, Jeschke JM. 2015. [Crossing Frontiers in Tackling Pathways of Biological Invasions](https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-pdf/65/8/769/16648428/biv082.pdf). Bioscience 65(8): 769-782.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r We review the state of the art, highlight recent advances, identify pitfalls and constraints, and discuss major challenges in four broad fields of pathway research and management: pathway classification, application of pathway information, management response, and management impact. We present approaches to describe and quantify pathway attributes (e.g., spatiotemporal changes, proxies of introduction effort, environmental and socioeconomic contexts) and how they interact with species traits and regional characteristics. We also provide recommendations for a research agenda with particular focus on emerging (or neglected) research questions and present new analytical tools in the context of pathway research and management.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r alien species;\r impact management;\r propagule pressure;\r temporal trends;\r historical ecology;\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T02:56:30.809778"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T02:56:30.809778"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Tackling pathways of biological invasions" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Modeling Dynamic Human Behavioral Changes in Animal Disease Models: Challenges and Opportunities for Addressing Bias###\r \r **June 2021**\r \r **Hidano A, Enticott G, Christley RM and Gates MC. 2018. [Modeling Dynamic Human Behavioral Changes in Animal Disease Models: Challenges and Opportunities for Addressing Bias](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2018.00137/pdf?isPublishedV2=false). Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5:137.**\r \r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Over the past several decades, infectious disease modeling has become an essential tool for creating counterfactual scenarios that allow the effectiveness of different disease control policies to be evaluated prior to implementation in the real world. For livestock diseases, these models have become increasingly sophisticated as researchers have gained access to rich national livestock traceability databases, which enables inclusion of explicit spatial and temporal patterns in animal movements through network-based approaches. However, there are still many limitations in how we currently model animal disease dynamics. Critical among these is that many models make the assumption that human behaviors remain constant over time. As many studies have shown, livestock owners change their behaviors around trading, on-farm biosecurity, and disease management in response to complex factors such as increased awareness of disease risks, pressure to conform with social expectations, and the direct imposition of new national animal health regulations; all of which may significantly influence how a disease spreads within and between farms. Failing to account for these dynamics may produce a substantial layer of bias in infectious disease models, yet surprisingly little is currently known about the effects on model inferences. Here, we review the growing evidence on why these assumptions matter. We summarize the current knowledge about farmers' behavioral change in on-farm biosecurity and livestock trading practices and highlight the knowledge gaps that prohibit these behavioral changes from being incorporated into disease modeling frameworks. We suggest this knowledge gap can be filled only by more empirical longitudinal studies on farmers' behavioral change as well as theoretical modeling studies that can help to identify human behavioral changes that are important in disease transmission dynamics. Moreover, we contend it is time to shift our research approach: from modeling a single disease to modeling interactions between multiple diseases and from modeling a single farmer behavior to modeling interdependencies between multiple behaviors. In order to solve these challenges, there is a strong need for interdisciplinary collaboration across a wide range of fields including animal health, epidemiology, sociology, and animal welfare.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r feedback loop, human behavior, behavioral change, infectious disease model, livestock disease, network analysis, qualitative study, psychological and economic model""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T20:55:24.807693"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T20:55:24.807693"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Addressing Bias in Animal Models" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Assessing the role of plant trade networks in the vulnerability of forest nurseries to plant pathogens###\r \r **October 2021**\r \r **Marshall M, Sutherland R, Hulme PE. 2021. [Assessing the role of plant trade networks in the vulnerability of forest nurseries to plant pathogens](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-021-00816-x.pdf). Australasian Plant Pathology 50(6): 671-681.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Pathogen damage is responsible for a considerable reduction in profit to the New Zealand forest industry. An assessment of pathogen prevalence, propagation and production methods, and phytosanitary/biosecurity protocols at the forest nursery level was conducted in order to identify predictor variables for pathogen acquisition and potential spread. Higher pathogen incidence within a nursery was found to be positively correlated with the use of copper oxychloride and a higher number of biosecurity protocols implemented by nurseries (presumably due to an increased interest in pathogen management) as well as the presence of a plantation forest within 1 km of the nursery. Information on seed purchases and seedling sales were used to produce directional transport networks describing product movement within the industry. The subdivision of these transport networks into modules can be used as a tool for forecasting the likelihood of movement of product from seed orchards to nurseries to plantation forests. These networks identify the regional association of a network module as the best predictor for product movement through the New Zealand forest industry. In addition, the network analysis highlights that the industry is most vulnerable to any new pathogens contaminating seed and can be used to assess potential transmission routes.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Forestry;\r Network Modelling;\r *Pinus radiata*;\r *Phytophthora*;\r Trade Networks;""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:45:44.931034"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:45:44.931034"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Role of plant trade networks in forest nurseries" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###Evaluating the efficacy of regionalisation in limiting high-risk livestock trade movements###\r \r **September 2016**\r \r **Hidano A, Carpenter TE, Stevenson MA, Gates MC 2016. [Evaluating the efficacy of regionalisation in limiting high-risk livestock trade movements](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587716303610/pdfft?md5=42facc1168a3e7db1c735eed3ffbe581&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587716303610-main.pdf). Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 133: 31-41.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r Using bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in New Zealand as a case example, we develop a novel network simulation model to predict how much the frequency of cattle movements between different disease control areas (DCAs) could theoretically change if herd managers adopted the safest practices (preferentially purchasing cattle from areas with the lowest risk of bTB), if herd managers adopted the riskiest practices (preferentially purchasing cattle from areas with the greatest risk of bTB), or if herd managers made trade decisions completely at random (purchasing cattle without consideration for bTB disease risk). A modified configuration wiring algorithm was used in the network simulation model to preserve key temporal, spatial, and demographic attributes of cattle movement patterns.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r Anthropogenic influence; *Mycobacterium bovis*; Livestock movement; Behavioural feedback; Surveillance; Network analysis""" ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T03:41:00.942979"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T03:41:00.942979"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Evaluating the efficacy of regionalisation" ; dcat:accessURL . a dcat:Distribution ; dct:description """###The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions###\r \r **March 2018**\r \r **van Kleunen M, Essl F, Pergl J, Brundu G, Carboni M, Dullinger S, Early R, Gonzalez-Moreno P, Groom QJ, Hulme PE, Kueffer C, Kühn I, Máguas C, Maurel N, Novoa A, Parepa M, Pyšek P, Seebens H, Tanner R, Touza J, Verbrugge L, Weber E, Dawson W, Kreft H, Weigelt P, Winter M, Klonner G, Talluto MV & Dehnen-Schmutz K. 2018. [The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.12402). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 93(3): 1421-1437.**\r \r **ABSTRACT**\r \r The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview of the historical, contemporary and potential future roles of ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. We show that currently at least 75% and 93% of the global naturalised alien flora is grown in domestic and botanical gardens, respectively. Species grown in gardens also have a larger naturalised range than those that are not. After the Middle Ages, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, a global trade network in plants emerged. Since then, cultivated alien species also started to appear in the wild more frequently than non-cultivated aliens globally, particularly during the 19th century. Horticulture still plays a prominent role in current plant introduction, and the monetary value of live-plant imports in different parts of the world is steadily increasing. Historically, botanical gardens – an important component of horticulture – played a major role in displaying, cultivating and distributing new plant discoveries. While the role of botanical gardens in the horticultural supply chain has declined, they are still a significant link, with one-third of institutions involved in retail-plant sales and horticultural research. However, botanical gardens have also become more dependent on commercial nurseries as plant sources, particularly in North America. Plants selected for ornamental purposes are not a random selection of the global flora, and some of the plant characteristics promoted through horticulture, such as fast growth, also promote invasion. Efforts to breed non-invasive plant cultivars are still rare. Socio-economical, technological, and environmental changes will lead to novel patterns of plant introductions and invasion opportunities for the species that are already cultivated. We describe the role that horticulture could play in mediating these changes. We identify current research challenges, and call for more research efforts on the past and current role of horticulture in plant invasions. This is required to develop science-based regulatory frameworks to prevent further plant invasions.\r \r **KEYWORDS**\r \r botanical gardens; climate change; horticulture; naturalised plants; ornamental plants; pathways; plant invasions; plant nurseries; trade; weeds\r """ ; dct:issued "2024-07-04T21:13:37.005866"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:modified "2024-07-04T21:13:37.005866"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "PAPER: Ornamental horticulture role in plant invasions" ; dcat:accessURL . a foaf:Organization ; foaf:name "Challenge Inventory" .